Author Archives: José H. Leal

Muusoctopus species

Mollusk of the Year 2025!

For a few years now, the Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt and Unitas Malacologica have been promoting the election of “Mollusks of the Year.”...

Certithium litteratum from Egmont Key, Florida. Illustration by José H. Leal.

Shell of the Week: The Stocky Cerith

Cerithium litteratum  could just as well be called the “Lettered Cerith,” as one of the meanings of the Latin word litteratum is...

Shell Growth and Repair

Another cool production from ChangingSeas.tv  (WPBT, South Florida PBS) starring yours truly, this one a short clip about shell growth...

Scallops of Southwest Florida. Photos by José H. Leal except for number 6 by James F. Kelly.

Scallops of Southwest Florida

It's scallops time! These are the scallops (family Pectinidae) that may be found on the shores of Southwest Florida: 1 – Atlantic Calico...

A fossil Conus shell under natural light (left) and under UV light (right). Photos by José H. Leal.

Fossil Cone Shells and UV Light

Last September 13 I discussed  how ultraviolet light (UV, aka “black light”) reveals structurally distinctive shell parts, using as an...

Mussels of Southwest Florida

This is a sampling of the local species of the family Mytilidae, which are almost always neglected in private shell collections. (1)...

Shell of the Week: The Smith’s Nutmeg

Axelella smithii   reaches 17 mm (about 0.7 inches). The shell is relatively thick and the shell sculpture includes about 8–10 raised...

Shell of the Week: The Chalcedony Phos

Antillophos chalcedonius is a relatively small (reaching 17 mm, or about 0.67 inch) gastropod, that displays a shell sculpture of strong spiral (“revolving”) threads and well-spaced axial (“vertical”) ridges. The color pattern shows variations of a white background and brownish patches that are more-or-less aligned with the axial ridges. The species is found throughout the eastern Gulf of Mexico, Florida Keys, Bahamas, and the Caribbean Basin southward to Colombia. Antillophos chalcedonius was d

The Local Muricidae

This is the first of a series depicting some of the most biodiverse families of marine mollusks from Sanibel and Captiva islands. Here are ten relatively common shallow-water species of drills and murex snails in the family Muricidae. (More species are present in deeper water offshore.) Click on the species name to see their entries in our Southwest Florida Shells guide. They are: (1) Cabrit’s Murex (Vokesimurex cabritii); (2) Pitted Murex (Favartia cellulosa); (3) Mauve-Mouth Drill (Calotrophon